04 February 2022

So it's been awhile... and that's ok

 Some days it's hard to be positive.

If the past year and a half has taught me anything, it's that it's okay to not be okay. But even then, it's exhausting. I talk a lot about how mental health is important, how you should try to control what you can and accept what you can't. But saying it and living it are two different things.

I've been in a rut. My low-level disquiet has started to simmer and is trying to manifest as depression and obsessive behavior. I find myself obsessing over my blood sugars, skipping meals, fighting the urge to drink more than I should, and fighting a degree of body dysmorphia. And then just as quickly I swing the other direction and could not give two shits about my diabetes and subsist off of yogurt, chocolate, and booze (which, oddly enough, plays really well with my numbers).

I tell myself that it's because the world has changed over the past 2 years and has finally wore me down, that I'm terrible at disconnecting from the real world and work and need to let things go. But the degree of truth in that is hard to discern. I'm restless in almost every aspect of my life. I want to drop off the grid and go play and just be for a couple months, but I'm just don't know how much running away would make things better. 

Pretty sure this is the headspace where people shave their heads or get a big tattoo but really should not be making major decisions. 

I've been trying to find productive hobbies. I've been doing a lot of research for a podcast that a friend and I are doing (well, a reboot. It's called The Diacast and it's cool, you should listen to it). I've been doing a lot of weight training and trying to actually develop some muscle definition (it's starting to pay off, I now have discernible abs, although definitely not a six pack). But at the end of the day, it's just a distraction from the general discontent. But I have gotten really good at making sourdough bread.

So I try to remind myself to follow my own advice - that it's ok to not be ok, to give myself the same grace and consideration I try to bestow upon others. 


And just as a shameless plug (and cuz I really do think we're doing good work), you should go check out the podcast. Even for non-diabetics, I think it's fun and educational, and also my obsession with Snickers is front and center.


Anyways. Just figured I'd post something to prove that the blog lives and I swear I haven't given up on it, just... been distracted and unmotivated.

22 August 2021

A Comparison of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic CGM Readings: questionable science at it's finest

CGM's are great.

There's nothing quite as useful as being able to see trends and get alerts if your blood glucose level (bgl) is going low or high. Ask any diabetes doc and they'll tell you that CGM's are a game changer, and ideally something every diabetic would have access to.

As I've become increasingly active on diabetes support servers and groups, there are a couple less-than-good things I've noticed related to CGM's. Most notably, newly-diagnosed diabetics who get a CGM almost immediately often fixate on the numbers and focus really hard on being "in range", i.e. keeping their bgl in a non-diabetic range. Which, when your pancreas isn't working the way it should, is simply not possible.

Something else I've noticed is that "old diabetics", that is, those of us where were diagnosed long before CGM's became available, tend to be much less obsessive about staying in-range at all times, instead focusing on long-term trends. I would argue that this attitude is a result of years of relying on finger sticks to get our bgl readings, and thus not being able to actually see the post-meal spikes or rapid raises or falls caused by food, exercise, and stress. Sure, we care about the numbers, but (anecdotally and based on observations) are more inclined to manage based on how we're feeling first, and the actual number second. 

In short, I would argue that diabetics should be able to manage their disease sans CGM before being given one, if only because the data overload results in some very stressful and unhealthy behavior that can lead to serious mental health struggles.

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Anyways.

I put a Libre on Ev. Part of it was straight up morbid curiosity about how a fully-functional pancreas behaves with the same food (and exercise) that fucks my shit up. And part of it was wanting to force the man who's agreed to spend his life with me (and has for well over a decade) to experience a few days in my life. Or at least, as close as a non-diabetic can get.


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A couple things that I knew but didn't really know until watching Ev's numbers for 9 days....
  • Non-diabetics fluctuate throughout the day (yes, even fasting).
  • They have some fairly impressive deltas (changes between readings, aka the slope of the line).
  • They auto-correct thanks to that handy functioning pancreas, so their spikes and drops are kind of impressive, but less prolonged than the ones us pancreas-impaired folks get.
  • Pizza gets everyone (also, it turns out that it takes 6 hours for my body to deal with it).
  • Rice, Chinese, and Thai food result in a second spike after the meal, even when you produce insulin.
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We started off trying for a scientific approach - ya know, eating the same thing and doing the same exercise. Because pizza is a Diabetic's nemesis, obviously we started with that. 

The Pizza Experiments: Me on the left, Ev on the right

After pizza (where we learned that Ev has a bit of a spike a couple hours later, but nothing super crazy, and my slow-emptying stomach means I feel the pizza-effects for a solid 6 hours), we moved on to breakfast treats, aka muffins and donuts. This was not at all related to there being donuts in my office.


The Breakfast Experiments: Proof that donuts are bad for me, and muffins make Ev's bg spike

Given my propensity for issues with hypos during runs, we also did a comparison after eating oatmeal (I did my overnight oats mix, and he did regular oatmeal because apparently overnight oats are not his cup of tea).

The Running Experiment: Me on the left, Ev on the right - note the oatmeal spike and drop when the run started

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The pseudo-scientific approach stuck for two days, and then Ev got curious and started eating all sorts of carb heavy things that we normally would only eat sparingly. We discovered a couple things during this adventure. First, Thai food is amazing (duh), but does, in fact, give him a fairly substantial (for a non-diabetic) post-meal spike. Second, the initial spike was dealt with very quickly by his pancreas. Third, there was a second spike that aligns pretty closely with what I've encountered eating similar foods.

You heard it here first: some foods have delayed absorption resulting in multiple blood sugar spikes, regardless of if you're diabetic or not. For the record, this is not actually earth shattering or new information, but it was fun to see it in action with a functioning pancreas to compensate.


The post-food spikes were impressive, as were the post-meal drops... and the post-Thai Food spikes were real.

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All in all, it was a fun little science experiment, if only because it gave him a little insight into the stuff that goes into managing/monitoring your bgl and wearing the hardware every day. 

Ev commented that he found himself checking his bgl a lot (it's kind of addictive, as I can attest to), and adjusting his diet to try and keep his numbers level. 

It's also worth noting that he had a legitimate hypo one night, where the Libre read 58 mg/dL, that his body corrected (yay liver!). 


The highest number he hit was 168 mg/dL after one of his Thai food adventures. In general, his range varied from 75 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL. It's also worth noting that he had an a1c done with some regular blood work 6 months or so ago that came back at 5.1% which is a solidly non-diabetic number.

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When all was said and done, I walked away from this adventure with a bunch of screen-grabs of a non-diabetic that I can (and do) send to people wondering if their totally normal blood sugar response is actually normal. 

I also want the record to reflect that even us broken-pancreas people can do a passable impression of a non-diabetic.... as long as we ignore the difference in target ranges.


I want the record to reflect that, while Ev and his non-diabetic self is capable of 100% time in range, I managed an 82 hour streak in-range and a very passable impression of a non-diabetic. I am a god.


In closing, I was amused when Ev lost his Libre the same way I lost my first Libre: to a climbing rope in a rock gym.

27 March 2021

The Dark Side of the Mind - the mental side of living with diabetes

I've talked before about the complexities of having a chronic condition and mental health. As a teen, I struggled with depression. Some of it, I'm sure, was the usual teenage angst, some of it probably should have been medicated, and some of it, I can only imagine, was related to having a chronic condition. Before I get into details, the ADA has a Mental Health Provider Directory to help match people with therapists that have experience treating diabetics. I strongly encourage you to use it if you need someone to talk to. 

People talk about grieving for the loss of "normalcy" when diagnosed with a chronic disease. I, too, preach it, but because diabetes is the only normal I've ever known, part of me questions whether or not I'm even allowed to grieve for something that I never had. Intellectually, I know I'm entitled to feel resentment and sorrow about the things that were denied me as a result of this disease; My life has been very different than most people's, and my diabetes is a large contributing factor to that. But when I went to therapy for my depression, I can't recall the role my diabetes played ever coming up. Looking back, I think at least one of my suicide attempts was a direct result of a feeling of helplessness and complete and utter lack of control over my body and its response to the world around me. I can't help but wonder if talking to a therapist who specialised in chronic conditions (or diabetes) would have helped me develop better coping mechanisms.

I am not alone in my battles with the mental health side of diabetes. My friend Kenneth also struggled growing up. He was able to lie about his health, miss injections, sneak food, and falsify logbooks. By the time his parents found out what was happening (which took a huge amount of effort on their part), they had to take him to the hospital for a DKA episode. Looking back, he thinks the reason he wanted to hide his struggles was a combination of guilt and depression, both of which can be helped by early identification and intervention. As we've talked, he's commented that he thinks therapy would have been beneficial, even though he wouldn't have wanted to do it at the time; it would have helped him understand that his parents were struggling as much or more than he was, and made it easier to understand their reactions.  

So what I've attempted to do here is break down some of the mental health stuff that we grapple with again and again. Some of it is pretty dark, all of it is based on personal experience (be it mine or someone I know), and a lot of it is uncomfortable. I am more than happy to talk about part or all of this with you, and point you in the direction of more information or help if I can. Because there is no way to sugarcoat it – diabetes is a bitch. And of course, before diving in I must state that I am not a medical professional and these are my thoughts, research, and personal experiences, not actual medical advice. While many of the terms (including diabetic distress and burnout) lack clear-cut diagnostic criteria, they are legitimate medical conditions and should be treated as such. Please refer back to the ADA resources listed above or talk to your medical provider.

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Control (or lack thereof) - Management vs. Survival
At one point, my parents took the entire family to a child psychiatrist. Because I was... difficult (Mom's word, not mine. Also absolutely true). At the end of the session, the psychiatrist asked my parents if they could learn to enjoy the chaos. They looked at each other and thought he was insane. Fast-forward to the present day and my parents agree that that response was not useful. But over the years, they learned to appreciate the validity of the comment – you can't control the diabetes and the kids, but if you can embrace the chaos, enjoy the ride, and smooth the bumps the best you can to have the best outcome possible. Keep in mind, it took them many years to realize the validity of the theory. You can't control it, so make it work. 

As a diabetic, the lack of control you exercise over your life is staggering. I rebel against the narrative that you "manage" this disease, because management implies that you can find a regiment that keeps things in check. But one of the "joys" of diabetes is that you can do the same thing every day and get different results. You don't have control over every minutia; you may do everything right and have a routine that works most of the time but you're still going to have bad days and you cannot prevent them.  

It's devastating when you realize that you will never win. You cannot beat a chronic condition when your own immune system is out to get you. I don't know if it's even worth trying, because your quality of life will diminish. We all have enough to deal with as human beings, be it life, relationships, jobs, school... it all builds on itself. We get sick (the regular kind), and we have all the regular mental struggles, in addition to managing a disease that does not play by any set of rules but its own. 

When I say you don't manage diabetes, you survive it, what I mean is that you are always half a step behind. I'll adjust my life, my packing, and my plans based on how my body is doing that day. Runs get shortened, hikes get aborted, lawn work delayed, and long drives cancelled because my body will not cooperate. Diabetes forces you to adjust and manage and be flexible, and if you cannot or will not bend to the whims of your disease, your mental health will suffer. And anyone who tells you otherwise is selling something. 

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Guilt
There are a lot of vicious cycles with diabetes, but guilt is one of the hardest to overcome. I've struggled with it on and off for years, despite knowing that nothing I did caused this disease. I know my mom struggles with guilt, wondering if there was something they could have done differently, if there was some unknown environmental trigger that caused my younger sister to be diagnosed a year after I was, and my older sister 14 years later. The unfounded guilt is probably the most difficult cycle for Kenneth. He still struggles with it today, but has learned over time that in any non-emergency situation, it's best to work on the immediate problem in isolation from everything else and then only later (like, the next day) talk about what happened and what can be done to prevent that kind of situation from happening again. Even today, I feel guilty for the impact my disease has on my husband and the activities we do, to the extent that sometimes I make up excuses to bow out of activities so I won't hold him back. I feel guilty for feeling guilty, and for having insurance that actually covers my supplies, and a support system that is amazing... there is nothing rational about it, and trust me, I know that. But the guilt is often a precursor to other, darker emotions, up to and including burnout and diabetic distress.

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Burnout
Even diabetics who experience burnout struggle with feeling like their experience isn't "bad enough" to be worthy of comment. While we hear stories of people experiencing burnout and not checking their BGL for months, running infusion sites until they get infected, and not bolusing for food at all, there are just as many people who experience burnout and test once a day instead of five times, stop eating food with carbs because they don't want to take insulin, and don't bother to correct because why bother. We are all at different places in our lives, and what qualifies as burnout for one person at this moment is very likely going to be different than what qualified as burnout for them two years ago. But a common thread in diabetics experiencing burnout is an increase in negative feelings towards their diabetes. Anger, frustration, depression... managing this disease day in and day out, it is often easier to ignore how hard it is, and many of us have a tendency to let the struggles accumulate until they are all we can see.

Overcoming burnout is challenging, but the following steps can help:
- Set small, achievable, and measurable goals
- Adjust and manage your expectations – don’t expect yourself to be perfect, and don’t compare yourself to other diabetics
- Seek out support and ask for help
- Don’t let perfect be the enemy of good – there is no such thing as perfect diabetes management, and “good enough” keeps you out of the hospital and lets you live your life.

Like diabetic distress, burnout happens and is not your fault. Many people experience burnout that lasts months to years, but that does not make them a “bad diabetic” or ensure they will have complications. Remember that diabetes is a full-time job that has to be balanced with life. Finding a workable balance, even if it means decreasing your time in range, is critical for your mental and physical well-being.

So if you take nothing else away from this blog, please make it this:

All burnout counts. It may run a spectrum, but it's all valid. Everyone different and what we define as "not dealing with it" varies. Don't use other people as a benchmark to judge your success. Don't let perfect be the enemy of good. If all you can handle right now is the bare minimum, you are still winning.    
 
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Depression
Here's the thing (and I debated even talking about this here, but decided that it's worth the discussion, despite the topic. This is gonna be a lot, so feel free to skip over it):

Diabetics have increased rates of depression and suicidal thoughts. And at some point, be it a result of burnout, feeling beat down, or a spiraling depression cycle (because don't kid yourself, there's a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle where you hate being diabetic, hate feeling like you're not normal, that you have to do all this extra stuff to stay alive, that this disease is going to control your entire life anyway so why should you bother?), its not uncommon for diabetics to realize that it would be so easy to just take a big dose of insulin and no food. To be very, very clear, this is a bad idea and I hope you seek out someone to talk to if you're in that kind of place. But even with diabetes, our livers dump glycogen into our bloodstreams in an attempt to combat the hypoglycemia, so, while you may have a diabetic seizure from the low blood sugar, you often pull through. Our bodies want to keep us alive. 

Both Kenneth and I (and many other long-term diabetics I've talked to) at some point took large amounts of insulin in an attempt to find an easy out. Our reasons may have varied, but both of us were struggling with depression. He was going through extreme diabetic burnout, and I was (inappropriately) responding to an external event. I wound up in the hospital after having a hypoglycaemic seizure, and the doctors pretty much went "oh, too much insulin. We know what happened, blame the diabetes," and called it good. Nobody thought to ask how I had managed to take double my daily insulin dose (and I was on a pump at the time, so they definitely could see that I had) and neglected to treat it. Keep in mind, this required three separate doses because of the maximum bolus limit on my pump. Let alone why I had done it at night, when the odds of someone finding me were lower. At no point did anyone stop and go, "I wonder if something else is going on?" The reality, unfortunately, was that I had been assaulted and didn't feel like I was able to cope with it – in fact, it took another 7 years before I told anyone about it. 

The problem many of us run into again and again is that doctors try to blame everything on the diabetes. Weight gain? Diabetes. Fatigue and migraines? Diabetes. Seizures? Diabetes, definitely not epilepsy. It seems like it takes much longer than it should to diagnose other conditions when you already have a chronic condition because first you have to convince everybody that it's not the diabetes. 

So yes. Depression, regardless of its roots, is alive and well in the diabetic community. 

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To quote another life-long diabetic friend, Sam, diabetes is not a disease of the weak willed. You have to be constantly aware of yourself and your environment. 

Burnout and feelings of depression and negativity related to diabetes is not rare in any form. Having to monitor everything you eat, every action you take, how much medicine you take and when, what you plan to do that day, etc. is exhausting. Add in the normalities of life like going to the store, going to work/school, going even to friends houses can be an extremely arduous adventure. You are constantly monitoring yourself 24/7 just in case you miscalculate something. Diabetics make hundreds of small decisions every day related to managing this disease, and it's exhausting. 

But we do it because really, there isn't another option. We do it because this is our reality. We do it because living with a chronic condition toughens you and makes you grow in unexpected ways. 

So for all those who stumble across this blog in search of validation or support, just remember: we are stronger than this disease and we will survive it. 

But also, diabetes can go fuck itself.

02 January 2021

Dexcom G6 Adhesive Reactions: A Guide to Dealing with Hell

At the end of 2019, Dexcom changed their adhesive formula for their G6 continuous glucose sensors (CGM). The changes are all approved by the FDA and contain "medical-grade, pressure sensitive acrylic-based adhesives" like the previous patch. Both the old and updated adhesive formulas passed biocompatibility and irritation testing and are not manufactured with latex, isobornyl acrylate (IOBA), phthalates, colophonim, or 12 other commonly known skin irritants. The adhesive was tested in several clinical studies prior to release. 

But at the end of the day, the adhesive change (which was intended to improve the wear time of the sensors) has caused skin reactions and adhesive burns on a subset of users. As one of those users, let me tell you, it is really awful.

Adhesive reactions can manifest as localised redness, bumps and itchiness, and blisters, all the way up to full-fledged chemical burns. (I'm not embedding these reaction photos in this post because they're really graphic). Basically, they suck and tend to get worse with continued exposure to the adhesive that's causing the irritation. Besides discontinuing use of the CGM causing the reaction and/or rotating the insertion site to a different location, there are some steps you can take to help prevent reactions from happening. Steroid creams can help get reactions to go down faster, so I'd also talk to your doctor about your adhesive reactions. 

Because my body does nothing halfway (I've been told by high-up folks at Dexcom that I have the worst reaction they've seen), I've slowly developed (with help from the internet and Dexcom's own suggestions for dealing with adhesive reactions) a method for preventing adhesive reactions. 

Depending on severity of the reaction, you can build up to whatever combination of barrier wipes and films you need. 

Mild Reactions (redness, small bumps, itchiness)

Start with an over-the-counter fluticasone propionate nasal spray like Flonase. Spray it onto your clean skin and spread it evenly. Let dry completely before applying a second barrier wipe (IV Prep or Skin Prep are good). Skin Tac is a duel-purpose wipe — it serves as both a barrier and an adhesive wipe. 

Moderate to Severe Reactions

If reactions persist, inserting through a barrier film such as Tegaderm, in addition to the barrier wipes described above, is often sufficient to overcome reactions. If Tegaderm isn't enough, it's time to try a hydrocolloid barrier.

The main difference between barrier films like Tegaderm and hydrocolloid barriers like DuoDerm is that hydrocolloid barriers are impermeable, whereas barrier films will allow some air flow. The catch is, both barrier films and hydrocolloid barriers tend to not stick super well long-term, so adhesive wipes like Skin Tac are highly recommended. I strongly suggest using an over patch if you use a hydrocolloid barrier, since they really don't stick well on their own.

Severe Reactions, aka the nuclear option

At the end of the day, the best way to minimise adhesive reactions is to remove as much of the offending adhesive as possible from the equation. This means trim the excess adhesive from around the sensor prior to inserting. 

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Amy's Step-by-Step Guide to Avoiding Adhesive Reactions

The tool kit (left to right): alcohol swab, Flonase, Skin Prep barrier wipe, Skin Tac, DuoDerm (hyrocolloid barrier), Dexcom G6, Skin Grip over patch.


Step 1. Apply Flonase to site and spread evenly. Let dry completely (~3-5 min)

Step 2. While the Flonase dries, trim hydrocolloid barrier (DuoDerm) to approximate size of CGM adhesive. If using a barrier film like Tegaderm, trimming can be very difficult, and it may be worth buying a smaller size patch and trimming down the Dex adhesive.

Step 3. Start the sensor on tslim pump (not the phone app). If you don't use a tslim, go ahead and start the sensor on your phone or receiver. I suggest writing down the sensor code or taking a photo of it just in case.
  

Step 4. Trim excess adhesive from sensor, leaving some around the plastic transmitter clip.
  

Step 5. Mark location for the sensor.

Step 6. Apply Skin Prep barrier film to entire area. Let dry completely.

Step 7. Apply Skin Tac to area, leaving a small space around the dot where sensor will be inserted. Let dry 1-3 minutes until tacky.

Step 8. Place trimmed hydrocolloid barrier on sticky area, with the dot in the center. 


Step 9. Insert CGM in center of hydrocolloid barrier. Rub the adhesive in and around the plastic to activate the pressure-sensitive aspect.
 

Step 10. Insert transmitter and place over patch, being careful to overlap the adhesive around the CGM. 

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A few additional notes

I strongly recommend contacting both Dexcom (or whoever your sensor manufacturer is) and the FDA every time you have an adhesive reaction. Part of this is a bit of a "fuck you" to Dexcom, but also a favour to everyone else, since it creates documentation of the issues and, theoretically, can be used to motivate changes to the adhesive formulas.

26 December 2020

2020: The End is Nigh

Hard to believe 2020 is almost over. This has been both the longest and fastest year of my life. Time has lost all meaning.

Its been incredibly isolating. We've really only seen the same 4 people since March, and I don't know when that's going to change. 

I'm so very restless —this is the longest I've gone in years without an objective, some climbing trip or exotic vacation. I've been distracting myself with online workout programs and increasing involvement with online diabetes communities. I've managed to establish something resembling a routine, with morning climbs twice a week and daily HIIT and strength training with a smattering of runs. But at the end of the day, I feel adrift. I lack the emotional energy to feel anything other than disgust with the selfishness of people who refuse to follow social distancing guidelines or wear masks. I am upset by the incendiary, hateful rhetoric coming from news media and politicians, but beyond sending emails to my elected officials, I just don't have it in me to act. 

We've been making it work. The internet is a wonderful thing, and Ev and I were able to video chat with our families on Christmas. We've celebrated the holidays with our small bubble, using it as an excuse to cook overly-large meals, make fancy desserts, and pretend that things are normal. We've gone out into the mountains to ski and bask in the glory that Alaska has to offer. 

On the plus side, I have more ab definition than I've had in years. I went through three exercise mats before getting one that withstands my new exercise regime (turns out, you do, in fact, get what you pay for with exercise mats). I've done a lot of baking. I've become even more of an anti-social homebody than I already was. Things aren't all bad.




But I miss normal.

I miss regular interaction with people at the office and going out to dinner at restaurants. 

I miss not having anxiety every time I go to the store.

I miss shooting the shit with people at the climbing gym and exchanging beta on a route.

I miss pre-pandemic life.

On the whole, I think people are trying to do what's right and listen to the science. The majority of Alaskans believe masks work and are wearing them. People are trying to to keep their distance, even if they slip up sometimes because we've spent lifetimes not worrying about being within 6 feet of someone. Nobody is perfect, but at least most of us are trying. 

So as 2020 draws to a close, I'm not going to write some optimistic, positive drivel about how things are going to be great. The goal this year has been to maintain and survive; the very fact that we've made it this far without a psychotic break is pretty awesome. 

But 2021 will not be magically better. We still have a pandemic to deal with, a dysfunctional government, social injustice, and economic uncertainty for millions of Americans. These problems were highlighted in the past year, in many cases as a result of the pandemic creating time for people to be more aware of the world around them and vocal about injustice and corruption. The mental fatigue from prolonged isolation and the inconsistently-managed global health crisis have highlighted long-standing failings in the American healthcare system. These issues were not new in 2020. 

In the next year, let's continue to be outraged. Speak out if and when you have the mental energy to do so. Be kind to others, because it costs you nothing and may mean the world to them. We are all on edge. Take care of yourself. Remember that it's okay to not be okay. Give yourself the same benefit of the doubt that you give others. 

The past year has been hard, but we persevered. 

I'm not setting a lofty New Years Resolution. My goal is to maintain, to keep doing what I'm doing and try to lead by example to the extent that I'm able. 

2020 has been hard.

2021 just needs to be better.

13 November 2020

Growing Up and Raising Diabetic Children - A Retrospective

Being a parent is hard. I mean, duh, right? Shaping and guiding another person into semi-functional adulthood is a lot of responsibility. Now add in a chronic condition that requires multiple daily injections, carb counting, and keeping a schedule.

Sound extra tough?

Welcome to the childhood of a diabetic. Yet somehow, my parents (and many others) managed to pull it off, and my sisters and I are (mostly) functional and well-adjusted human beings. Looking back at that, however, I can only imagine the hell we put our parents through. So obviously, I decided to blog about it.

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It should surprise nobody that I was a stubborn, difficult child. My mom likes to say that I was born going "you can't make me," and honestly, I don't think I ever grew out of it.

Here's the thing: I have no memories of life before diabetes. I was diagnosed when I was 4, and growing up we carb counted everything. Juice came in 15g of carbs boxes and was only used to treat lows. Soda came in diet and was something we got when our blood sugars were high and we needed to flush ketones (apparently getting small children to drink lots of water wasn't a battle worth fighting). We ate 15 or 30g snacks at the same time every day. 

I remember refusing to take my injections when I was fairly young (somewhere between 4 and 8) and my parents had to chase me around the house and sit on me in order to administer them. Eventually, I grew out of it and became fiercely and belligerently self-sufficient, to the extent that I refused to let doctors or nurses prick my finger to check my blood, insisting instead on doing it myself. 

We had "diabetes drawers" in the school nurse's office where we kept our glucose meter and diabetes supplies, and would go down a couple times a day to check our blood. My folks had to strongly advocate for school nurses throughout our school years, to the extent that one nurse actually delayed retirement until my sister and I were through school. In middle school, we carried our supplies in a trapper keeper, and by the time high school hit, we just stuffed it in our lockers. But from day one, it was ingrained in us that if you feel weird or off, you check your blood. If you need to walk out of class to treat a low, then that's what you do and damn the consequences. 

In short, my parents managed to make managing diabetes a normal part of our lives, to the extent that I never second-guessed myself if I needed or wanted to go treat it.

I know now that my folks did a lot of priming the people we interacted with. All of our teachers and sports instructors somehow knew that we had diabetes and made a point of telling us that if we needed to do something for it, to just go do it. My karate instructor and high school rifle coach, in particular, made a point to empower me to self-manage my diabetes and not feel like I needed to ask for permission. To this day, that sense of responsibility, self-worth and entitlement to self-manage this disease has stayed with me. 

My parents taught us to use education as a tool when people tried to make us feel bad or different. I can't ever remember being ashamed of my diabetes, or feeling like I needed to hide or excuse it. I would (and still do) take injections in public, wear my insulin pump clipped to the outside of my jeans, and display my CGM shamelessly. After all, if I need stuff to stay alive, why on earth should I make excuses for it?

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I recognise that my experiences as a diabetic child were unusual as a result of Dad being a doctor. After my sister and I were diagnosed, he began to specialise in diabetes, which opened up a lot of doors and dramatically changed the course of my childhood. So I started asking other Type 1 Diabetics (T1D's) about their experiences growing up. Some people experienced multi-year burn out, were not afforded the accommodations needed to properly manage this disease in school (yes, that's illegal, and no, it doesn't always matter), and struggled with depression and feelings of isolation. Our experiences varied, but common threads remained.

Kenneth was diagnosed soon after his 13th birthday, a few days after the death of his biological father. Obviously, this was overwhelming, but even then he could tell that his mother and step-father were more scared than he was. His mother, like mine, felt incredibly guilty after the diagnosis, feeling that it was somehow her fault. That was difficult to get past because even though he knew her feelings were based on the incorrect idea that she could have prevented his T1D, it still felt like he was the cause of her guilt. Even if we know intellectually that nothing we or anyone around us did caused this disease, it's hard to not feel guilty all the same.

Where my parents were very involved and encouraged self-management, Kenneth's parents fell on the other end of the spectrum, and were mostly hands-off with his diabetes care. Besides some specific occasions like middle of the night tests, he did all of his own injections and testing. In his situation, diagnosed later in childhood, he feels that this hands-off approach was mostly the right one. However, it's still important to remember that the struggle to feel normal can lead to unhealthy behaviour.

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And things can get traumatic. 

I had hypos because I would refuse to eat after taking my insulin, which ultimately resulted in my parents only giving short-acting insulin after meals.

I flat out refused to use needles, so Mom found a god-awful contraption known as the Medi-Jector which used air to inject. I'm 100% sure it hurt more than a needle, but try telling that to a 6 year old.

I had multiple diabetic seizures caused by hypoglycaemia (extremely low blood sugars) and requiring glucagon injections to treat. In case you didn't know, glucagon can result in voracious vomiting and is pretty much a last resort. (I should note that over the years, I've self-administered glucagon on several occasions. You can take a half-dose of the injectable. It also now comes in a nasal delivery system, which is an all-or-nothing thing, but waaaay easier to administer. For starters, you don't have to do any mixing and messing around with needles in a high-stress situation.)

I refused to log my insulin, carbs, and blood sugar levels (still do, actually).

My mother vividly remembers when my little sister got diagnosed, almost a year to the day after I did. Apparently, when I found out, young diabetic me went, "I'm glad Paige is diabetic. Now I'm not alone."

As we got older, Kenneth and I would sneak food and candy, and then take an extra injection to hide it. We would hide our blood sugars to prevent people from hovering and watching our every move. When I got a pump, life got much easier because I didn't have to try to sneakily take a shot. I went to great lengths to remove anyone else from my diabetes management equation - in my mind, nobody else should be telling me what to do or how to do it.

Yet somehow, I never experienced diabetic burn-out. Going onto an insulin pump when I was 11 provided a degree of freedom that up to that point I'd lacked. I don't remember having crazy issues during puberty or in my teens with my blood sugar levels (but I was definitely an awful teenager to deal with). I navigated my first sexual encounter dodging pump tubing (if you can't laugh about the tubing, you don't deserve me, dammit). I got drunk for the first time knowing absolutely nothing about what alcohol does to your blood sugars, but somehow didn't die or have any hypos. I pulled all-nighters at LAN parties, drinking regular Mountain Dew and Pepsi (I refused to drink diet soda in high school as an act of diabetic rebellion. Yes, I really was that self-aware), I snuck out of the house to do stupid shit (I suspect my parents know, but refuse to ask), and, ultimately, I became an actual adult with a life of my own. 

In my household, and thus my universe, diabetes was just one more thing to account for. It was never an excuse to fail, or be cut extra slack, or get special treatment (although in hindsight, I got lots of special accommodations in order to self-manage my diabetes. It just didn't feel like anything special because I didn't get to exploit it). 

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Here's the thing: I was lucky. 

My parents bent over backwards to make sure that we a) didn't die, and b) were able to thrive. Arguments and disagreements about food and treatments were done in such a way that the kids weren't even aware of them - a fact that I'm sure helped us feel like our diabetes wasn't that big a deal. But as I began to talk to my parents about how they dealt with two young, diabetic children, they had some different recollections.

Despite my utter lack of memory involving juice in the house, apparently there was a bit of a show-down between my folks regarding my Dad's morning glass of orange juice. Mom insisted that they needed to lead by example, and if the kids couldn't drink juice just because, neither could they. To this day, juice is a low-treatment in my mind, rather than a tasty beverage for at-will consumption. And apparently, my father no longer even likes orange juice.

Growing up, we weren't allowed to be cranky until we checked our blood sugar. If we were low, we fixed it. But we didn't have the right to be cranky until we know. Recognising the effect diabetes can have on mood and including that the equation when dealing with kids is wild to think about, but in my house, it was normal. Even today, when we're visiting and someone is tired or cranky, the first question is "what's your blood sugar?"

My parents vividly remember the days of having to chase me around the house to give me my insulin injections. I thought it was traumatising for me, but my mother clearly has PTSD from it. 

So I asked my them what they wished they knew, and what advice they would offer other parents of diabetic children.

Advice from Parents of Diabetic Children

Diabetes doesn't care if you treat it or believe in it. It doesn't allow concession - you can't not deal with it; you have to find a way. 

Without question, having a child get diagnosed is the end of life as you know it. But the new life doesn't have to be any less rich or fulfilling, although it requires a big change in the parent-child relationship. Parenting is about boundaries and expectations, and diabetes adds additional ones. As a doctor, my dad knew about diabetes in theory, but learning to live with it was hard. 

Additionally, parents have an obligation to make sure their kid knows that diabetes isn't their fault. Regardless of age, it's not okay to make diabetes the kid's problem, because they need a support system. They have to understand that taking shots hurts, that finger pokes are unpleasant, and that you don't get to do whatever you want. They can't abdicate responsibility of management to the kid; you don't get to say "well, sorry you have this disease. It sucks." and move on. The job of a parent is to help and teach your child to self-manage and be effective.

Empower your diabetic child as much as you can. Give them control, teach them to self-manage, and then (the hard part), let them do so. My parents agree that the hardest part is taking a step back and letting your kid take the wheel. 

Encourage autonomy. Adults are responsible for their behaviour, and you want the kids to grow up and choose to make good choices, to be healthy and responsible. But be there through the different stages of their childhood and adolescence - the needs of kids change as they grow.

Bribery is great. Find out what motivates your kids and use it. My dad used to pay me $0.25 per day if I kept my blood sugars below 200 mg/dL (keeping in mind that this was before continuous glucose monitoring was a thing, so it was much easier to "stay below 200" for a day because post-meal spikes didn't get captured). 

Having diabetes in the house is a little like having someone with a restrictive diet - the easiest thing to do is remove temptation and have everyone eat the same things. To quote my mom, "why make it harder on people with dietary restrictions?" Control what you can where food is concerned - my parents never forbid anything (except frosting and regular sodas), but by god did we count carbs and try to eat protein with every meal. At Halloween, we would all go trick-or-treating and then sit in the living room and sort our candy. Mom would pull out a "gift box" that was stocked with random, non-food goodies, and we would bargain and horse-trade. At the end of the night, the kids would have a couple pieces of candy left, and Mom would have all the sugar she wanted for a month or two. Mom remembers feeling like they were swimming upstream when trying to establish a non-food-based reward system - you never realise how many traditional rewards are centred around food. 

And at the end of the day, recognise that sometimes the goal is to do the minimum needed to stay out of the hospital. And that's okay.

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Diabetes management today is wildly different than it was in the late 90s and early-2000s. Where our parents had to rely on finger sticks and log books, today they have CGM's to monitor blood sugar levels, and apps like MySugr to track carbs and dosing. The days of hiding a hypo are gone. 

As diabetics who managed to survive childhood, Kenneth and I have some advice to parents and diabetic kids alike:

Kids are tough. There's nothing wrong with checking in to make sure a low or high is being treated. If they're using a CGM and sharing those numbers over the internet, that can be easy, but it's important to understand that too much of a focus on the moment-to-moment aspects of diabetes can cause much more harm than any non-emergency diabetes situation ever could. Kids just want to be "normal", but we don't understand at that age that "normal" isn't really an attainable thing for anyone. 

To our parents, for everyone's sanity, don't obsess about high glucoses and what's "best," like perfect carb counting and post-meal monitoring. Instead, emphasise "good enough" habits that allow for a child to responsibly be irresponsible - it's better to lowball the carb count for some unknown food than to eat it and not bolus at all. Almost everything you're told to do by doctors is informed by their clinical understanding of what's best, not a personal understanding of what it feels like to live with diabetes. And almost everything can be done less than perfectly, if that's what it takes to stay engaged with self-care in the long term.

At the end of the day, don't let perfect be the enemy of good. You have to deal with this disease day in and day out, and even the best parent or doctor can't understand exactly what that's like or the number of minute decisions that get made every day. So do what you need to do for your mental health. If that means you let your control lapse for a week or a month because you're burned out, so be it. As long as you do the bare minimum (basal/long-acting insulin and bolusing for food), it's going to be okay.

26 July 2020

Talking to Your Diabetic Spouse: a lesson in self-preservation and validation

Diabetes is dumb. We constantly have to manage it, even if it's background noise to the rest of our life. Carb counting, insulin dosing, predicting how our BGL will respond when you do X, Y or Z... the list goes on. And it can be incredibly overwhelming, to both the diabetic and those who get involved with us. Our BGL affects our moods and often mirrors the behaviour of a slightly belligerent drunk. But beyond the highs and lows, there's the mental fatigue that goes along with this disease. We'll get to that later.

The truth of the matter is there are very few situations where you can say something about diabetes management to a diabetic without getting your head ripped off. We love you, we know you're trying to help and have our best interests at heart. But when we're low/high, we are not always rational. 

With the help of that one dude brave enough to marry me, as well as random diabetics from the internet and real life, allow me to share some pointers on how to talk to the diabetic in your life. 

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"Sometimes shit needs to be said, and you just have to be willing to be a punching/stabbing bag and wait a couple days for an apology that might never come." - my husband

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The Lows

Low diabetics are cranky, often unreasonable assholes. The only "acceptable" thing to say to a hypo diabetic (according to us) is nothing. Fine, you can push food on us, pester us until the low has been treated, but after that... stfu. Just realise that nothing you say will be taken in the manner it was intended. 

Acceptable things to say (but you'll still get yelled at):
"You should eat some sugar." 
"Have you treated yourself?" 
(silence)

The Highs

When our sugars are high, we often feel like garbage (headaches, nauseous, etc). It can take time to feel normal after our sugars start to drop, and honestly, it's a horrible feeling when you've been high for a prolonged period of time. We feel icky, lethargic, and sick. 

Acceptable things to say: 
"Have you taken a correction?" (risky, this is pro-level diabetic spouse)
"Do you want me to go away?"
"Here's some water."


Other general stuff that should be said and may or may not result in getting yelled at, as evidenced by that one dude who puts up with my nonsense:

"I'm sorry you feel like crap. Let me know if you need anything." - my husband
"You haven't moved and I heard your CGM alarm... are you okay?" - also my husband
"Did you bring low food for our run?" - still my husband
"I'm going to go into the other room." - my husband when I'm low/high and being psycho. He's pretty smart.

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The Mental

I get a bit worked up about the lack of emphasis on the psychological side-effects of diabetes during diagnosis and routine visits. It's not uncommon for diabetics to experience some level of depression, and the pressure to keep your BGLs within a tight range and have a good a1c (basically a representation of your average BGL over 3 months) can result in burnout. It doesn't help that control is a moving target, and how your body responds to carbs and insulin changes as you age, have lifestyle changes, move to a different climate, get stressed... the list is never-ending. Hell, seasonal allergies affect my insulin resistance, and if that isn't the dumbest thing ever I don't know what is.

My point is, you can figure out what works and be good for years, and then suddenly and for no apparent reason it stops working. I've encountered this recently with coffee - I've never taken insulin for it (and I drink a lot of coffee), but over the last month or so my sugars have skyrocketed when I drink it, even if I'm still fasting. So, after 15 plus years of caffeine never being an issue, I now have to bolus for my coffee. And boy, does that feel wrong. 

When we're feeling overwhelmed and like nothing we do is working, it's all too easy to spiral into a vicious loop of self-loathing and fatigue. I've heard many diabetics express the desire to just say "fuck it" and not bother with trying to control their diabetes because it feels unattainable and pointless. There's even a name for this malcontent - diabetic distress, with symptoms including fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress. 

This disease sucks. There's pressure to have numbers that may or may not be reasonable depending on the individual's lifestyle and where they're at. The focus on meeting a target number may work for some, but can also result in people obsessing and not living their lives because they're afraid of being out of range. I hear too many diabetics talk about how their medical provider emphasises their a1c and ignores their concerns about exercise or stress or insulin ratios. Numbers only tell part of the story, and it's exhausting trying to keep tight control when it feels like your world is burning down around you. 

And when you feel powerless to control your body and your disease, it's incredibly hard to care.



To my fellow diabetics who are struggling, please, please take this to heart:

It gets better. Maybe not today. Maybe not tomorrow. But it will get better. You don't have to have perfect blood sugars; our bodies kicked perfect to the curb and anyway, perfect is the enemy of good. It's okay to be high or low sometimes. It's okay to treat yourself to a donut or piece of cake or candy or whatever food or drink you're supposed to stay away from because this disease really messes with your diet and how we view food. It's okay to have off days. It's okay to feel overwhelmed. It's okay to talk to someone about your struggles, be it a shrink or a fellow diabetic or your loved ones. You are not alone.

To the brave souls who love us, please don't trivialise what we deal with every day. Don't brush aside the complaint about how our sugars are all over the place and it's frustrating as hell. The flippant "you'll get over it" is a painful thing to be on the receiving end of. If we trust you enough to vent about our disease, please realise how hard that can be and be supportive. Validate our feelings, because we often shove them down and ignore them, let them fester until we start sliding into frustration and anger and depression. 

Acceptable things to say:
"I'm sorry you're struggling. Let me know if there's anything I can do."
"It's okay if you're not perfect. You deserve to live your life."
"I have faith that you'll figure this out."
"I love you anyway." 

If you want a bit more reading about the psychological component of diabetes, here are some good articles:
Mental Health America discussion on Diabetic Distress (this one is really good and I highly recommend it)

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Finally, I have collected some gems from people who think they know stuff about diabetes. It's hilarious after the fact and occasionally aggravating during. I hope you enjoy this taste of idiocy and unintentional humour. 

Unsolicited (and idiotic) advice told to real life diabetics:

"Eat a lot of broccoli and your diabetes will go away." - idiot talking to a type 1 diabetic
"You're diabetic, you can't eat sugar." - idiot talking to a diabetic treating a hypo
"If you live a healthier life, you wouldn't have diabetes." - jackass who apparently wants to get punched
"You can't be diabetic." - armchair expert
"Take a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar and honey every morning. That will cure you." - Type 2 diabetic teacher to a Type 1 student
"God can cure your diabetes." - science denier
"I heard cinnamon can cure diabetes." - internet dummies
"Stop taking insulin, it makes you sick." - someone who doesn't understand how the human body works

02 June 2020

Black Lives Matter and De-Escalation

I generally try to keep this blog politically neutral. In practice, I'm pretty middle-of-the-road: fiscally more conservative, socially liberal. I firmly believe that everyone is entitled to their opinion and the overwhelming majority of the time, people with views opposing yours are not evil or ill-intentioned. Despite my admittedly abrasive-at-times personality, I've had many deep conversations with people who disagree with me about the "no no issues" (politics, abortion, gun rights, welfare programs, etc.). I like to understand where people are coming from, because it's rarely irrational. My mind can be changed. My opinions are not set in stone.

That said.

I cannot put into words how horrified and angry I am with the circumstances that created and the government response to the Black Lives Matter movement and protests over the killing of George Floyd. 

I refuse to believe that all police disagree with the BLM protests. I refuse to believe that the majority of police want to harm protesters. I refuse to believe that targeting protestors and journalists adheres to the interpretation of "protect and serve" by most police. It's much more likely that everyone is scared. Fear is a powerful thing. Someone gets nervous and overreacts, bumps the trigger, trips and pushes someone. It takes next to nothing for crowd mentality to take over and the situation to escalate. A small spark that sets off an inferno.

That said.

I'm sick of hearing people make apologies for the terrible behavior and reprehensible choices by those who are supposed to make us feel safe. I'm not going to argue that all police behave that way, because you and I both know that they don't. But as a country, there is a failure to provide law enforcement officers with tools to respond in a non-violent or non-aggressive manner. Sure, de-escalation tactics are taught at police academies, but in general, the majority of recruits only get around 8 hours of de-escalation training, compared to over 100 hours of firearms and tactical training. Most states don't require de-escalation training, or if they do, it's woefully inadequate (the average appears to be around 1 hour a year).

When police and other law enforcement officers react aggressively when they feel threatened or pressured, they are doing exactly what they've been trained to do.

This is, by definition, a systemic problem.
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An aside:
Malcom Gladwell's book "Talking to Strangers" is a riveting and disturbing look at why situations escalate. He neither accuses or apologises for the police involved in the altercations that lead to the death of unarmed people of color. Instead, he looks at the establishment and training that lead them to believe that aggressive responses are the solution. It's a great read, if a bit uncomfortable, and I highly recommend it.
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I am not trying to say that there are not malignant racists embedded in our justice system who use their position of authority to oppress minorities. I am not trying to excuse the law enforcement officers who find themselves in volatile, quickly evolving situations and chose to escalate or respond with disproportionate force. 

The trend of using disproportionate force on minorities because of a perceived threat is inexcusable and unacceptable.

Interesting (terrifying?) tidbit: There has been research (using numbers from 2014 and 2015) that indicates that police as a whole (not white police) are disproportionately likely to kill people of color. The issue is not one of white cop versus person of color, but rather cop versus person of color. The numbers are grim: approximately 12% of the US population is black, but they account for 28% of people killed by police. Latinos are also killed at a rate higher than would be expected using population demographics alone, and, unsurprisingly, whites are less likely to be killed by police. Even accounting for racial disparities of crime, blacks are more likely to experience use of force by police, on the order of 3.6 times more likely than whites. 

The argument that police patrol areas because they are low-income and thus hotbeds of crime, therefore systemic racism isn't actually what's going on, is bullshit. Ghettos and low-income neighborhoods are a relic of segregation and racist policies that prevented blacks from living in "desirable" areas and holding many jobs. This creates an at-risk group that in turn gets trapped by socio-economic circumstances that make breaking out difficult, if not all but impossible. 

Yeah. Shit's gotta change. 

Our armed forces manage to exercise restraint and control in combat zones and not kill the people they detain. They are expected to act as the world's police (which is a rant for another time) and pull it off time after time. They adhere to the rules of engagement (I am aware that the rules of engagement are extremely limiting and do not apply to domestic law enforcement. My point is, it's perfectly possible to be subjected to high-pressure and dangerous situations and not kill anyone as a knee-jerk reaction).

Why do our police not do the same? Why are we not giving our law enforcement officers the training and tools and empowering them to protect themselves by backing down? 

We spend our childhoods being taught that violence isn't the answer. And then we enter the real world, where entire portions of our population live in fear when they see someone who's job is supposed to be to make them feel safer. Countless people who are taught a script at a young age, actions to take to reduce their chances of being arrested and minimize the chance of escalation by police. 

That. Is. Bullshit.

There is something wrong with our law enforcement when the gut reaction of the citizens is fear.
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In many countries, police are viewed as an asset, a friendly face, someone who you can ask for and is there to help. Ev and I witnessed this firsthand living in the Netherlands, where the police are trained in (and very good at) de-escalation. Many of them don't even carry firearms.

My point is, I know things can be better.

The Black Lives Matter movement has so many reasons to exist, to be outraged, to demand change and reform. To try to downplay that is to trivialise the experiences of hundreds of thousands of Americans. 
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The protests have escalated, but I can't say I'm as appalled as I might be at the looting and rioting. The police response has been... less than ideal. For God's sake, some of them (bad apples, I can only hope) are targeting journalists. This is, in every possible sense, unacceptable.

Freedom of the press, as well as the freedom to assemble and protest, are enshrined in the US Constitution. Very, very explicitly (unusual in that document, to be honest). Assaulting peaceful protesters is unconstitutional. Trying to stifle or intimidate the press is unconstitutional (recall my rant about freedom of the press). 

I guess what I'm trying to say is, black lives matter. All lives matter, but it is wilfully ignorant to try to brush off the Black Lives Matter movement as an overreaction or baseless. This country needs institutional change and leadership from the top, not a petulant child incapable of empathy or compromise. Black Lives Matter is the result of systemic and well-documented injustice and disparity. They are not alarmists. They are not irrational. They are not exaggerating.
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So please, please make sure you're registered to vote. Most states will let you request an absentee ballot, which means you can vote early (which you should do, because there will likely be unprecedented absentee voting this election cycle a la Covid). Change is possible, and we should push for it from as many angles as possible: Protest. Vote. Write and call your representatives. Speak out when you see discrimination or racism. Be a positive influence in the world. 

Because right now, with the unrest and uncertainty and volatility, the one thing we can't afford to be is silent.